Vietnam tightens rare earth controls

Vietnam has banned the export of raw rare earth minerals
in a revamp of its geology laws, instead stipulating that only
approved companies will be permitted to process and use them

RARE EARTH MINERAL RESERVES BY VOLUME (U.S. tons)

China
Brazil
India
Australia
Russia
Vietnam
United States
Greenland
Tanzania
South Africa
Canada
Thailand

44,000,000
21,000,000
6,900,000
5,700,000
3,800,000
3,500,000
1,900,000
1,500,000
890,000
860,000
830,000
4,500

Gadolinium,
one of 17
rare earth
minerals

Myanmar, Madagascar, Malaysia and Nigeria also have sizeable reserves, although their amounts
are unclear. Rare earths are relatively abundant in Earth’s crust, but mineable concentrations are less
common than for most other mineral commodities. Illustration created with assistance from Google
Gemini. Sources: Bloomberg, U.S. Geological Survey (March 2025 data)
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