Perilous migration paths to Europe
Every year, hundreds of thousands of refugees and migrants risk their lives on dangerous journeys that extend across Africa towards the Mediterranean Sea and Europe


Migration routes to central Mediterranean

Country risk level
Percentage of refugees / migrants who reported risk
More than 50% 
20-49%
Less than 20%

SPAIN
ITALY
Mediterranean crossings
ATLANTIC OCEAN
MOROCCO
TUNISIA
LIBYA
ALGERIA
EGYPT
BURKINA FASO
MALI
NIGER
CHAD
SUDAN
SENEGAL 
GUINEA
COTE D’IVOIRE 
GHANA
TOGO 
BENIN
NIGERIA
CAMEROON
SOUTH SUDAN
SOMALIA
ETHIOPIA
INDIAN OCEAN
800km 500 miles


Risks faced by refugees/migrants (Percentage who reported risk)
Physical violence 	38%
Robbery 		31% 
Detention 		30%
Bribery / extortion 	21% 
Death 			20%
Kidnapping 		18% 
Sexual violence		15%
Others			4%


Refugees fleeing conflict in Sudan


Sources: IOM, Mixed Migration Centre, UNHCR
Picture: Getty Images
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