Uncertainty over Black Sea grain deal

Ships are continuing to sail from Ukraine despite Russia pulling out of a deal on safe passage for grain exports through the Black Sea

Cargo ships loaded with grain off Istanbul


Ports included in safe passage deal	Safe passage corridor

Pivdennyi 
Odesa
MOLDOVA
Chornomorsk
ROMANIA
Constanta
BULGARIA
TURKEY
UKRAINE
Kherson
Sevastopol
Crimea: Annexed by Russia in 2014
BLACK SEA
Istanbul: Ships inspected by UN, Russian, Turkish and Ukrainian representatives
Sea of Azov
RUSSIA
100km 60 miles


Total food exports since Aug 
9.8 million tonnes

Corn: 43%
Wheat: 29%
Rapeseed 7% 
Sunflower oil: 6%
Barley 4%
Other: 11%


HISTORY OF GRAIN EXPORT DEAL

Feb 24: Russian invasion and naval blockade of Ukraine traps 20 million tonnes of grain in Black Sea ports, causing food prices to soar worldwide

Jul 22: Ukraine-Russia deal, brokered by Turkey and UN, allows grain exports to resume

Aug 1: First grain ship sails from Ukraine under safe passage deal

Oct 29: Moscow pulls out of deal, alleging that Ukraine had used Black Sea safety corridor to attack its fleet in Sevastopol

Oct 31: Twelve ships sail from Ukrainian ports, carrying record volume of 354,500 tonnes of food


Sources: BBC, OCHA, Reuters
Picture: Getty Images 
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