Africa’s Islamic State-linked ADF
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The Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) is an insurgent group with Ugandan roots operating in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo
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ADF activity: North Kivu, Ituri provinces and “Triangle of Death”
CAR
SUDAN
UGANDA 
AFRICA
Victoria
KENYA
TANZANIA
Ituri
Lake Tanganyika
D R CONGO
Kampala Lake
Beni
North Kivu
ZAMBIA
REP. CONGO Kinshasa
ANGOLA 400km

250 miles
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Triangle of Death
Mbau 
Kamango 
North Kivu
Beni
UGANDA

20km 12.5 miles
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1995: Alliance formed between Tabliq Muslims and Sudan-backed rebels to fight Uganda’s President Yoweri Museveni
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1996-2000: Attacks in Uganda
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2001-03: Ugandan army drives rebels to North Kivu, DRC
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2003-12: Significantly degraded, attacks against civilians fall
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2013: ADF launches string of massacres in Beni, and Ituri province. During Congo army counter-operation, ADF leader Jamil Mukulu flees to Tanzania.
Seka Musa Baluku (left) takes control, dramatically escalating attacks on civilians
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Oct-Nov 2014: Under Baluku’s leadership ADF kill more than 250
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2016-17: ADF receives funds from Waleed Ahmed Zein (right), Islamic State (IS) financier. ADF joins global jihadist movement
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Jul 2019: Baluku pledges allegiance to IS – ADF is branded Islamic State Central Africa Province (ISCAP)
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Nov 2019-Sep 2020: ADF kill at least 570 civilians in so-called Triangle of Death
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Oct 2020: ADF attack on prison in Beni frees over 1,300 prisoners, ISCAP claims responsibility
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Nov 2021: Triple suicide bomb attacks in Uganda’s capital Kampala claimed by ISCAP
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Sources: George Washington University, Reuters
Pictures: CRG, Defense Post © GRAPHIC NEWS