Climate’s $100-billion broken promise

Twelve years ago, developed nations pledged to provide US$100 billion a year to poorer countries by 2020 to help them adapt to climate change. So far, rich countries have fallen short


Climate finance for developing countries (US$, billions)
Bilateral public finance*
Export credits 
OECD projections
Multilateral finance† 
Private finance 
*Includes loans


†2013-19: Multilateral Development 
Banks more than double their climate finance from $13bn to $30bn

52.4	61.8  	44.6 	58.5	71.4	78.3 	79.5 
12.8	16.7		10.1	14.5	14.6	14.0
1.6 	1.6 	2.5 	1.5 	2.4 	2.1 	2.6
15.5	20.4 	16.2 	18.9	27.5	29.6 	34.1
22.5 	23.1	25.9 	28.0 	27.0 	32.0	28.8
2013 	14 	15 	16 	17 	18 	19 	

2015: No data for private finance


20 2020: Data not yet available


83.0	92.0	101.1	108.0 	113.0
21 	22 	23 	24 	25

$100-billion target


Bilateral climate finance as reported to UNFCCC‡ (2013-18)

Japan $56.2bn
Germany $35.4bn
EU $23.4bn 
France $22.6bn
U.S. $8.9bn
UK $5.9bn
Norway $3.5bn

‡United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change


Sources: COP26, OECD, World Resources Institute 
Picture: Getty Images 
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