Pig kidney transplanted in human

For the first time, a kidney from a genetically engineered pig has been transplanted into a human without triggering hyperacute rejection by the recipient’s immune system


Alpha-gal 
Nucleus
Pig DNA
Pig cell

1. Pig cells: Branched sugar group called alpha-gal occurs on cell surfaces. Alpha-gal triggers immediate rejection by human body

Chromosome
DNA 
Gene

2. Gal gene: Genetic modification of pig cells knocks out gene that produces alpha-gal sugar chain

3. Cloning: Modified DNA used to breed herd of Gal knock-out pigs

4. Human gene: Added to pig cells to produce protein called CD46. Protein moderates action of patient’s immune system

5. Transplant: Kidney is attached to blood vessels at top of patient’s leg, but kept outside body

Patient showed signs of kidney dysfunction

Sources: Revivicor, New York University
Picture: Courtesy of NYU Langone Health 
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