Electric vehicle sales set to soar
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Global sales of electric vehicles (EVs), estimated at 2.5m units in 2020, are forecast to grow to 31.1m by 2030, around a third of all new vehicle sales. But skilled labour shortages may hamper progress
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FORECAST GLOBAL CAR AND LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLE SALES (million units)

100 90 80 70 60 50 20 

2010 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 2030
Estimate

Covid-19 disruption
EVs: 32% of new sales

Internal combustion engine
Battery electric vehicle
Hybrid electric vehicle

Battery makers racing to keep pace with shift to EVs, but development hampered by shortage of research and engineering specialists

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WHY SOLID-STATE BATTERIES MATTER

PRESENT
Lithium-ion battery (Li-ion)

FUTURE
Solid-state battery: More powerful than Li-ion

Electrons 
Anode (-)
Cathode (+)
Ions
Liquid or gel electrolyte: Highly flammable

Battery: Charged ions travel from cathode to anode through electrolyte. Free electrons pass from anode to cathode, powering device

Solid electrolyte: Smaller and lighter than liquid or gel. Sodium-based – less harmful to environment and less likely to catch fire
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EV with solid-state battery: Range of 500km per charge (more than double Li-ion fuel cell), and fully rechargeable in 10 minutes. Can power EV
for 380,000km before degrading, and requires no cooling system
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Sources: Deloitte, Reuters, MotorTrend, Make Tech Easier © GRAPHIC NEWS