Bid to cut maritime sulphur emissions
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Strict International Maritime Organization rules prohibit ships from using fuels containing more than 0.5% sulphur – down from 3.5%
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Merchant marine fleet: 60,000 vessels use some 279 million tonnes of bunker fuel per year – of which 78% is high-sulphur fuel oil (HSFO)
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Scrubbers: Cut sulphur emissions from HSFO
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2020: Ships fitted with scrubbers will continue to use 49 million tonnes of HSFO per year
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Rules take effect from Jan 1, 2020
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Fuel price increase: Around  $145 per standard 20-foot shipping container
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Marine bunker fuel demand (million tonnes per year, mt)

HSFO 
MGO (Marine Gas Oil diesel)
Liquefied natural gas
HSFO (Scrubber-use)
MGO&FO (Blend)
VLSFO (Very-low sulphur)
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2019 219  55  5 279mt
2020 38.2 49 114.4 11 32.7 38.2 283.5mt

 Non-compliance
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Los Angeles- Long Beach 4
Panama 4.5
U.S. Gulf Coast 8

Rotterdam, Amsterdam, Antwerp 20.5
Gibraltar 5
Russia Far East 5
South Korea 8
Hong Kong 9
Singapore 49.8
Fujairah 8

World’s largest bunker ports (mt, 2018)
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Sources: International Maritime Organization, Platts, Reuters, Rystad Energy
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