U.S-India trade, e-commerce disputes 
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Trade in goods between U.S. and India (US$ billions)

Indian exports to U.S. U.S. exports to India

21.2              2009   16.4 
29.5              2010   19.2 
36.2              2011   21.5
40.5              2012   22.1 
41.8              2013   21.8 
45.4              2014   21.5 
44.8              2015   21.5
46.0              2016   21.6 
48.5              2017   25.6 
54.3              2018   33.5

2009-18: Bilateral trade has soared from $37.6bn to $87.9bn

$20.8bn U.S. goods trade deficit with India in 2018

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Feb 2019: India implements tight e-commerce foreign investment rules. U.S. companies operating in India must store payment data locally – increasing costs
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Apr: U.S. ends waivers that allow India to buy oil from Iran
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Jun 5: Trump administration ends India’s $5.6 billion trade concessions under Generalised Scheme of Preferences
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Jun 16: India raises tariffs on 28 U.S. products, including apples, almonds and walnuts, in response to U.S. tariffs of 25% on steel
and 10% on aluminium imposed
in March 2018
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H-1B work visas: U.S. threat to cap 85,000 H-1B visas – that allow skilled Indians to work in U.S. – in response to data-localization laws
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Huawei: India’s reluctance to ban Chinese firm Huawei from participating in 5G trials risks future intelligence sharing with U.S.
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Russian arms: India faces sanctions under U.S. Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act over decision to buy Russian S-400 air defence systems.
New Delhi has signed four arms deals with Moscow worth over $12 billion
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Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, Bloomberg, Reuters
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