(153 words)

Pyongyang’s threat to South Korea

North Korea has an estimated 13,000 Hardened Artillery Sites (HARTS) in concrete bunkers, caves and tunnels, including 4,000 near the DMZ and 200-300 within range of Seoul 

DMZ: Demilitarized zone is 4km-wide strip of landmines and razor wire stretching 245km across Korean Peninsula

Pyongyang
Kaesong
Pyonggang

Chuncheon
Seoul
Camp Casey
Camp Stanley
K-16 Air Base
U.S. HQ
Camp Eagle
Incheon 
Camp Humphreys
Osan Air Base

Camp Market
Kunsan Air Base
Camp Castle
U.S. Army
Garrison
Daegu/
Camp Carrol

Seongju: THAAD missile base

HARTS: With rocket launchers, artillery
HARTS: Used to store supplies, ammunition
Range of North Korean artillery fire

U.S. military bases
Bomb shelters: 19,000 in South Korea, more than 3,200 in Seoul

Koksan M-1989
170mm self-propelled gun
Crew: 8
Range: 40-60km with RAP (rocket-assisted projectile) 

50km
30 miles

JAPAN

Sources: IISS, Stratfor, Nautilus Institute for Security & Sustainability