U.S.-backed rebels target IS “capital” Raqqa A U.S.-backed alliance of Syrian forces has launched an operation to retake Raqqa, de facto capital of Islamic State, opening another front against the jihadi group as Iraqi troops battle to reclaim Mosul SYRIA DEMOCRATIC FORCES (SDF) Alliance of Kurdish and ethnic Arab militia dominated by Kurdish Popular Protection Units (YPG) – key ally on ground in Syria for U.S.-led coalition against IS Up to 25,000 fighters of SDF’s 30,000-strong force estimated to come from YPG Turkey: Considers YPG to be terror organisation and says it will not accept role for Kurds in liberation of Raqqa Raqqa: Offensive could stop IS fighters retreating from Iraq to Syria as Mosul operation progresses Mosul: Iraqi troops facing fierce resistance in densely populated districts of city Aleppo Mediterranean Sea LEB. Homs Damascus JORDAN Ain Issa Kobane Qaim TURKEY SYRIA Palmyra Rutba IRAQ Ramadi IRAN Irbil Kirkuk Tikrit Baghdad 100km 60 miles Areas of control as of Nov 7, 2016 Syrian regime and allies Iraqi government So-called Islamic State (Daesh) Kurdish-led forces Other Syrian rebel groups Sources: IHS Conflict Monitor, ISW, Wire agencies Picture: Getty Images