Four years after the Arab Spring uprising The hope for democratic change that swept the Arab world four years ago is today mainly confined to Tunisia TUNISIA Self-immolation of fruit vendor Mohamed Bouazizi on Dec 17, 2010 ignited successful revolt against Zine El Abidine Ben Ali that in turn launched Arab Spring. Tunisia has sinceheld two parliamentary elections and approved new constitution called most progressive in Arab world EGYPT Has seen rocky transition after ousting of longtime dictator Hosni Mubarak in 2011. Military coup led by Abdel Fattah el-Sisi deposed president Mohammed Morsi in 2013. Critics sayel-Sisi’s rule is moreoppressive than that ofMubarak, who could soonbe freed from prison LIBYA Protests rapidly escalated into NATO-backed revolt that led to ousting and death of Muammar Gaddafi in 2011, but country has been left in chaos. Today, Islamist-led authorities convene in capital, Tripoli, while internationally-recognised government is confined to far east of country BAHRAIN More than 60 people believed to have died since Feb 2011 in Shiite protests against Sunni minority rule. Up to 3,000 people remain in jail. National dialogue talks have so far failed IRAQ 2011 protests caused Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki to pledge that he would not seek third term in 2014. He later reneged on promise, but was forced out in Aug 2014 after capture of muchof northern and western Iraq by Islamic State group YEMEN 2011 revolt against rule of Ali Abdullah Saleh has resulted in chaos – Shiite rebels have overrun capital, Saleh remains strong, and al-Qaeda’s local affiliate has stepped up attacks SYRIA Crackdown by government of Bashar al-Assad on Arab Spring protests in Mar 2011 drove opposition to take up arms. Over 200,000 people have been killed in resulting civil war, and one-third of country is controlled by Islamic State MOROCCO Little progress has been achieved in implementing constitutional changes aimed at expanding democracy, and human rights groups have evenr eported reversal of some freedoms gained following mass protests in 2011 GULF STATES: Collectively pledged more than $160bnin 2011 to appease public while cracking down on activists. Billions of dollars given in aid to Libyan and Syrian rebel groups, and to Egypt’s military-backed government. Qatar spent billions of dollars propping up Islamists across region Protests Government overthrown Civil war MOROCCO TUNISIA LIBYA ALGERIA MAURITANIA EGYPT YEMEN OMAN KUWAIT BAHRAIN SAUDI ARABIA JORDAN LEBANON IRAQ SUDAN SYRIA 500km 300 mile Source: Wire agencies Picture: Getty Images